Nkuko uwabikoze azira umuvuduko wamashanyarazi mumyaka icumi, nagize intebe yimbere kumirongo idasanzwe ya amagare yamashanyarazi. Imwe mu mpaka zikomeye abaguzi bombi n'abaguzi bahura nihitamo hagati ya Tiro yabyibushye na Tiro isanzwe. Ubwoko bwa Tiro uhitamo guhindura ibintu bifatika, kumva, nintego. Iyi ngingo nubuyobozi bwawe bwuzuye, gukura mubyanjye nka nyiri uruganda, Allen, gufasha abafatanyabikorwa mu ruganda nka David Miller muri Amerika kandi birenze ibyemezo byo kugura neza. Tuzasenya itandukaniro rya tekiniki, shakisha inyungu zifatika, kandi tukemure impungenge zigamije abategetsi bafite mugihe bahiga ibi bicuruzwa. Ibi birenze kugereranya gusa; Nukwitegereza imbere niki gituma buri bwoko bwipine budasanzwe, bukwemerera gushora imari kuri e-bike kumasoko yisoko.
Ni ubuhe buryo busobanura ibinure kuri e-gare?
Iyo tuvuganye na a ipine y'ibinure, turimo kuvuga icyiciro cyihariye cyamapine yarenze. Mubisanzwe, igare ipine ifatwa a ipine y'ibinure Niba ifite ubugari bwa santimetero 4.0 cyangwa irenga. Izi mapine cyane zihita zimenyekana kandi zitanga igare ipigito, hafi moto imeze. Umukino wa filozofiya yibanze inyuma a ipine y'ibinure ni Kuri Kugwiza Igipande-Igice cya ipine ibyo rwose bikora ku butaka. Ibi byiyongereye ahantu hashyizwe hejuru ni urufunguzo rwubushobozi bwabo budasanzwe.
Ibi Amapine yarenze ni yashizwe ku mva yagutse Gushyigikira amajwi manini. Uhereye kubitekerezo, kubaka a igare ryabyibushye ntabwo ari uguhindura ibiziga. Ikadiri na fork bigomba kuba byemejwe neza hamwe no kwemererwa kwagutse kugirango bakire ubunini bwuzuye bwa ipine. Iyi nkunga ikomeye ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga umutekano no kuramba, cyane cyane iyo ihujwe n'imbaraga za moteri y'amashanyarazi. Igisubizo ni a igare yubatswe kugirango ihuze kandi itsinze ihagarika bisanzwe igare mu nzira zayo. A ipine y'ibinure ntabwo ari ikintu gusa; Nibintu bisobanura ubwoko bwihariye bwa igare ry'amashanyarazi.
Ingano nini yindege imbere a ipine y'ibinure ikora nkuburyo busanzwe bwa guhagarikwa. Ibi bituma ipine Kuri gukuramo ihungabana no kunyeganyega kuva Ubuso butaringaniye cyane cyane kuruta bisanzwe ipine. Iyi mikorere nimwe mubibanza Inyungu y'ibinure amapine, gutanga igitangaje byoroshye kandi Kugenda neza Ndetse nta buhanga guhagarikwa sisitemu. Ubushobozi bwa ipine y'ibinure Guhindura no kwihatiye inzitizi aho kubitandukanya nibyo bitandukana.
Amapine asanzwe agereranya ate?
Mu rwego rwa ibinure binini vs ipine isanzwe Impaka, "Amapine asanzwe" akubiyemo intera nini ya ipine Ubugari, ariko bose ni byiza cyane Bito kuruta a ipine y'ibinure. Kuri Commuter cyane na Amagare yo kumusozi e-amagare, buri gihe ipine Ubugari busanzwe bugwa hagati ya 1.95 na 2.3 santimetero. Ibi Ubwoko bw'ipine ni inganda zingana nimpamvu: Bagereranya uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora, gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukora neza, kwihuta, no guhinduranya kubintu bitandukanye kugenda.
Bitandukanye nini ipine y'ibinure, bisanzwe ipine yagenewe hepfo Kuzunguruka hejuru yubusa nka pavement cyangwa imipira yuzuye. Ibyabo Bito umwirondoro ugabanuka mu kirere neza kandi bisaba imbaraga nkeya muri rider na moteri yo gukomeza umuvuduko. Iki nikintu gikomeye kubatwara imbere umuvuduko no gukora neza buri munsi ingendo cyangwa ku ntoki ndende. Mugihe badafite ingano imwe ya stuck-assorbing nka a ipine y'ibinure, ubuziranenge Amapine asanzwe bakunze guhuzwa no gutera imbere guhagarikwa sisitemu kuri igare Ikadiri yo gutanga a kugenda kuri Ubutaka buke.
Inyungu nyamukuru ya Amapine asanzwe Kubeshya mubyitabira no kuroha. A igare ifite ibikoresho bisanzwe ipine Umva nimble kandi byoroshye kuyobora, cyane cyane muburyo bufatanye cyangwa imijyi yuzuye. Ku bashoferi benshi, iyi miyoboro yihuse irakwiye kuba yaratewe, itemba imeze nka a igare ryabyibushye. Byongeye kandi, Amapine isanzwe nayo Tanga uburyo bunini bwo gukandagira, ibice, no kubangamiriza, bituma a rider Kuguhuza neza igare kubijyanye na disipuline yihariye, kuva kumapine ya slick for Amagare yo mu muhanda Gukoronaka gukandagira kumusozi wambukiranya imisozi. Guhitamo ipine irashobora guhindura cyane Inararibonye.
Ni izihe nyungu zingenzi zamapine yabyibushye kugirango igare ryamashanyarazi?
Inyungu imwe ikomeye Amapine y'ibinure atanga ntagereranywa Gukurura no gushikama. Ikirenge kinini cya a ipine y'ibinure byiyongereye cyane Ahantu hamagara n'ubutaka. Ibi bivuze gufata cyane kubuso bwagutse. Iyi ni imwe muri nyamukuru Inyungu zamapine yabyibushye. Waba ugenda kuri kaburimbo urekuye, amababi atose, umucanga, cyangwa urubura, the ipine y'ibinure itanga urwego rwicyizere Amapine asanzwe ntishobora guhura. Ibi Traction nziza ni ingirakamaro cyane kuri an e-igare, aho torque ya moteri rimwe na rimwe ishobora rimwe na rimwe itera ingaruka ipine kuzunguruka hejuru.
Undi urufunguzo Inyungu za E-Bike ni ihumure ryabo. Ingano nini yumuyaga muri a ipine y'ibinure, akenshi biruka hepfo umuvuduko w'ipine, Ibyakozwe nk'urusaku rusanzwe. Iyi sisitemu yoroshye ariko inoze ihindura ibibyimba, ibice, hamwe ninzitizi nto kuruhande cyangwa umuhanda. The Ipine nk'ibanze guhagarikwa sisitemu, gukuramo guhungabana no kunyeganyega mbere yuko bagera kuri rider. Ibi bivamo cyane kugenda, kugabanya umunaniro mu ngendo ndende no gukora kugenda Ubutaka buke birashimishije cyane. Kubatwara agaciro bafite ihumure hejuru yihuta, a ipine y'ibinure ni kenshi Ihitamo ryiza.
Hanyuma, bitandukanye ya Ibinure bya E-Bike ni ingingo ikomeye yo kugurisha. Ibi Ebikes ni ukuri kwibinyabiziga. Kimwe igare ibyo bitanga neza ingendo Ku wa mbere birashobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha umusenyi cyangwa inzira y'amashyamba ya shelegi kuwa gatandatu. Ibi "gukora-byose" ubushobozi nicyo gikurura abagenderaho benshi. Ubushobozi bwa ipine y'ibinure "Kureremba" hejuru Ubuso bworoshye nk'umusenyi na shelegi, aho bisanzwe ipine byarohama no gukomera, bifungura isi yose ya kudindiza kugendera. A Ibinure bya E-Bike rwose imbaraga a rider kujya ahantu hose.
Amagare yabyibushye ahita ahita arenze ebikes zisanzwe?
Iki nikibazo rusange, kandi igisubizo ni nuiced. Ku hejuru neza, ya kaburimbo, a Ibinure bya E-Bike Muri rusange ufite hejuru Kuzunguruka kuruta a igare hamwe Amapine asanzwe. Umugari ipine Gukora amakimbirane menshi kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kwimuka. Ariko, "e" muri e-igare ni uburinganire. Moteri yamashanyarazi itanga ubufasha bwo gutsinda byoroshye ibi byiyongereye, bigatuma itandukaniro rigaragara ryimbaraga ntoya kuri rider. Mugihe umukinnyi wamagare yabigize umwuga kumashanyarazi Amagare yo mumuhanda byaba byihuse cyane, moteri ikomeye muri iki gihe Ebikes yakoze iki cyuho cyane kubakoresha ugereranije.
Aho ameza ahinduka Ubutaka butaringaniye. Kumuhanda uzengurutse cyangwa inzira ya kaburimbo, isanzwe ipine irashobora gutera no gutakaza ihuriro nubutaka, gukora bidafite akamaro kandi bitinda igare hasi. A ipine y'ibinure, hamwe no hepfo yayo Umuvuduko wo mu kirere, bihuye hejuru, kubungabunga umubano na mocom. Muri ibi bihe byukuri, a Ibinure bya E-Bike Birashobora kuba byihuse, niba bidahuje, kuruta mugenzi wawe usanzwe. Ikiganiro kiva mu butanduye umuvuduko no gukora neza ku buryo bwiza bwo gutanga amashanyarazi kandi buhoraho hejuru yubutaka butoroshye.
Amaherezo, guhitamo biza kuri rider Ibyingenzi. Niba intego ari umuvuduko ntarengwa kuri Pristine pavement, sleek e-igare hamwe Amapine manini Azaba afite inkombe. Ariko, kubagendera benshi, igihano gito cyo hejuru cya a ipine y'ibinure birenze kwishyurwa kubwinyungu nyinshi muburyo bwo guhumurizwa, gushikama, hamwe nubushobozi bwa terrain. The ipine y'ibinure ni bike kubyerekeye gutsindira isiganwa nibindi byinshi bijyanye no kwishimira urugendo, ahantu hose ushobora kuyobora. Ni ukurema neza kandi bikomeye Inararibonye.
Igare rinini rinini kuri kaburimbo na pamerote ya buri munsi?
Rwose. Mugihe bari ba nyampinga ba Umuhanda kugendera, Amapine y'ibinure biratangaje cyane kuba ibidukikije byimijyi hamwe na buri munsi. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ihumure. Imihanda yo mumujyi ntabwo ari gake cyane byoroshye; Baringaniye hamwe n'ibinogo, ibice, na manhole. A ipine y'ibinure Byoroshya kuri ubu busembwa, guhindura ikibindi ingendo mu rugendo rwiza. Umutekano wongerewe kandi utanga ibyiyumvo byumutekano n'umutekano mugihe ugenda mumodoka hamwe nibikorwa bitateganijwe.
Isumba gukurura ya ipine y'ibinure Ese indi nyungu nyinshi mumujyi. Imihanda itontoma itontoma, amababi atose kugwa, cyangwa noguce utunguranye ya kaburimbo ntabwo ari impungenge. Umugari ipine itanga uburyo butekanye kuri pavement, kugabanya ibyago byo kunyerera, cyane cyane mugihe cya feri cyangwa inguni. Iyi forgin yumutekano ni ingirakamaro kubagenzi rya buri munsi, ikora Ibinure bya E-Bike amahitamo yizewe atitaye kuri ikirere.
Birumvikana ko hariho ibicuruzwa. A igare ryabyibushye mubisanzwe biremereye kandi binini kuruta abagenzi basanzwe Ebike, niki gishobora gutuma bigorana gukora ingazi cyangwa kubika munzu nto. The amapine nayo kubyara kwidagadura pavement, ibyo abatwara bamwe bashobora kubona kurangaza. Ariko, abatuye imijyi benshi, iyi mito yoroheje ni igiciro gito cyo kwishyura ihumure ryikirenga kandi ikizere cyose cyikirere ko a Ibinure bya E-Bike gutanga. Ihindura ahantu h'imijyi mukibuga cyawe.
Nigute umuvuduko wabapite ugiraho ingaruka ku bunararibonye bwa e-gare yabyibushye?
Umuvuduko w'ipine ni impametero zikomeye kandi zikunze guhinduka kuri a Ibinure bya E-Bike. Bitandukanye Amapine asanzwe, ikorera mu myigaragambyo ugereranije (urugero, 40-65 psi), Amapine y'ibinure zagenewe gukora kumurongo wagutse cyane, akenshi uva munsi ya 5 psi kugeza kuri 30 psi. Ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza Umuvuduko wo mu kirere nicyo gifungura ukuri bitandukanye ya ipine y'ibinure. Guhindura umuvuduko uhinduranya ipine imyitwarire.
Kubwo kugenda Ubuso bworoshye nk'umusenyi cyangwa urubura, the rider igomba kugabanya umuvuduko w'ipine Ikigaragara (urugero, 5-10 psi). Ibi bituma ipine gukomera, gukora ikirenge kinini. Ibi kwiyongera ahantu nicyo bibemerera kureremba hejuru yubutaka aho gucukura. Kurundi ruhande, kugirango ugendere kumuraba ukomeye cyangwa pavement, kongera umuvuduko w'ipine (urugero, 20-25 PSI) bizakora ipine Rounger na Firmer. Ibi bigabanuka Kuzunguruka, biteza imbere imikorere, kandi bitanga byinshi byita.
Kubona umuvuduko w'ipine uburenganzira ni umukino-uhindura Inararibonye. Bisaba ubushakashatsi buke, ariko pompe nziza hamwe nigipimo nigipimo cyingenzi kuri buriwese Ibinure bya E-Bike Nyirubwite. Kwiga guhindura igitutu gishingiye kuri Ubwoko bwa terrain Erega kugendera kumunsi nurufunguzo rwo kongera imikorere no kwishimira. Ni ibanga ryo gukora imwe igare umva uhuza neza kubintu byose.
Ku mugaburanga, ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhitamo ipine ya pereni na ipine ya Ebikes?
Nkumupfumu, nkorana cyane nabagaburindo nka David Miller, kandi ndumva impungenge zabo. Mugihe uhisemo kubika a ibinure binini vs ipine isanzwe e-igare, kwibanze kwibanze ni isoko ryintego. Ese umukiriya wawe areba kudindiza, ubushobozi bwa terrain hose, cyangwa ni abagenzi bo mumijyi bashyira imbere kwihuta n'uburemere buke? A Ibinure bya E-Bike ubujurire bwambere, mugihe an Ebike hamwe Amapine asanzwe ni byiza bihagije kuri nyuma. Gutanga byombi Ubwoko bw'ipine irashobora gufata abutse abumva.
Igenzura ryiza rirashimangira. Kuri a igare ryabyibushye, ibi bivuze kugenzura ikadiri kandi igikome cyarakozwe neza kubibazo byiyongereye nubugari bwa nini ipine. Weld Inyangamugayo ni ngombwa. Kuri buri wese Ebike, kwizerwa kwa moteri n'umutekano bya bateri ntibiganirwaho. Nkumutanga, dutanga abafatanyabikorwa bacu ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe nibimenyetso byicyemezo (urugero, UL) kubaka ikizere. Bidahuye ipine, ikadiri, cyangwa bateri irashobora kwangiza izina ryakira.
Hanyuma, ibikoresho na nyuma ya nyuma yo kugurisha birakomeye. Amapine y'ibinure ni byinshi kandi biremereye, bishobora gukora ikiguzi cyo kohereza no kubika ububiko. Ni ngombwa gufatanya nuwabikoze ushobora gucunga ibikoresho neza. Byongeye kandi, kwemeza ko haboneka ibice byabigenewe, cyane cyane ibice byihariye nka ipine y'ibinure imiyoboro, i ipine ubwayo, na mukago rim, ni ngombwa mu gushyigikira umukiriya wanyuma. A rider akeneye kumenya ko bashobora kubona umusimbura ipine Kuva mu karere kabo Amagare cyangwa ukwirakwiza. Ubufatanye burebure bwubatswe kubicuruzwa byizewe ndetse ninkunga yizewe. Kurugero, gushobora inkomoko yo gusimbuza ubuziranenge nka Amapine ya Ebike / Amapito ni agaciro gakomeye-Ongeraho Umugabuzi.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa E-Bike busumba ibintu byo hanze?
Iyo kaburimbo irangira, the ipine y'ibinure rwose gutangira kumurika. Kuri bikomeye Umuhanda kugendera, cyane cyane kubibazo bitoroshye kandi bitandukanye, the ipine y'ibinure ni Nyampinga utagereranywa. Impamvu zisubira mu gishushanyo cyayo: hejuru gukurura, ituze, no kwinjiza. Ku nzira nyabagendwa, inzira yuzuye imizi, cyangwa inzira yibyondo, the ipine Ubushobozi bwo gukomeza gufata no koroshya urugendo ni inyungu nini. Itera icyizere, yemerera Uwiteka rider Gukemura ibice byinshi bya tekiniki hamwe no kugenzura cyane.
A Amagare yo kumusozi hamwe Amapine asanzwe ni byiza Umuhanda, ariko bisaba ubuhanga nubusobanuro kuva kuri rider. Amapine asanzwe ni ibintu bikunze guhindurwa n'inzitizi no gutsindwa gukurura kuri hejuru. Mugihe cyuzuye-Guhagarika igare ryimisozi irashobora kugabanya bimwe mubibyimba, ntishobora kwigana urusaku rwa 4,8-santimetero ipine. The ipine y'ibinure ifite reberi nyinshi kuruhande runaka, niyo shingiro ryo kugenzura mugihe ugenda Ubutaka butaringaniye.
Byongeye kandi, Amagare y'ibinure nayo ashoboye gushakisha amateraniro aho ndetse nigipimo Amagare yo kumusozi yarwana. Umucanga wimbitse, ibyondo, na shelegi ni urugo turf ya ipine y'ibinure. Ubugari ipine, kwiruka mu gitutu gito, gitanga flotation ko bibemerera kureremba hejuru yibi Ubuso bworoshye. Ibi bifungura umwaka uzenguruka kugendera mu kanwa hamwe no guterana neza cyangwa kugera kuri Sandy Coastline. Ku byerekeye ukuri kudindiza rider ushaka nta mbibi aho abo babo cycle Irashobora kuyifata, a Ibinure bya E-Bike nigikoresho cyanyuma cyo gushakisha. The Inyungu y'ibinure muriki gice ntawahakana.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubungabungwa no gutandukanya ibiciro kumenya?
Kuva ku giti cye, Amapine y'ibinure Kandi ibice byabo bakunda kuba bihenze gato. The amapine ubwabo, imitwe yimbere, hamwe nimizingo yagutse nibice byihariye bisaba byinshi kubyara kuruta bagenzi babo basanzwe. Amakadiri arasaba kandi ibintu byinshi hamwe nubwubatsi bwihariye, bushobora kongera kubiciro byambere bwo kugura. Ibi Ibiciro-byiza ni ikintu kubaguzi nabagaburwa mugihe bafata icyemezo.
Muburyo bwo kubungabunga, shingiro ni kimwe kuri byombi Ubwoko bw'ipine: Gusukura buri gihe, kugenzura umuvuduko w'ipine, no gufatanya kwambara no gutanyagura. Ariko, kubona ibice byo gusimbuza a ipine y'ibinure rimwe na rimwe birashobora kugorana. Mugihe kuboneka byateye imbere cyane, ntabwo buriho Amagare Ese ububiko bwa 26 × 4.8 ipine cyangwa tube. Niyo mpamvu ufite urunigi rwizewe no gutanga ibi bice byihariye, nkuko tubikora, ni ngombwa kubafatanyabikorwa bacu b2b. Guhagarika Umusimbura ipine Kubisanzwe Ebike muri rusange byoroshye.
Ingingo imwe yo kubungabunga Amapine y'ibinure ni ugucunga kashe mugushiraho ibituba, bikunze gukumira amahwa mumahwa no ku rutare rukaze. Kubera ubugari bwabo ingano, bakeneye gufunga cyane kuruta ibisanzwe ipine. Kuri byombi ipine Ubwoko kuri an Ebike, ni ngombwa kandi gukurikirana feri, nkuburemere hamwe numuvuduko wamashanyarazi igare Shira imihangayiko myinshi kuri sisitemu ya feri. Kugenzura bisanzwe bya feri na hydraulic fluid ni ngombwa kumutekano. Bimwe mubikorwa byacu byingirakamaro, nka Ikamyo ya mini 1.5m Amashanyarazi 3Ibya ebike, koresha sisitemu ya feri ya feri yagenewe imitwaro iremereye, Isezerano ryo guhuza ibice byintego yimodoka.
Nigute dushobora kwemeza imico itandukanye y'amapine na e-amagare?
Nkumukora, ubuziranenge nigitanda cyubucuruzi bwanjye. Twaba dukora neza kwihuta Ebike cyangwa gukomera ipine y'ibinure ibinyabiziga byingirakamaro, inzira yacu irakomeye. Itangirana no gutanyagura ibikoresho byibanze byikirenga kuri frame zacu nibigize. Kuri a Ibinure bya E-Bike, turemeza ko geometrie ya geometrie no gusudira birashobora kwihanganira imbaraga ziyongere zijyanye no gukoresha kuri Ubutaka buke. The Ubugari bwa Tiro Gukenera igishushanyo mbonera rwose, ntabwo ari uguhindura gusa.
Umutima wa buri wese e-igare ni bateri na moteri. Dutanga bateri zacu protocole zipimishije kugirango babone ibipimo mpuzamahanga byumutekano nka UL. Ibi birimo kugerageza imikorere, kuramba, no gutuza muburyo butandukanye nubushyuhe butandukanye. Uru ni ikibazo gikomeye kubafatanyabikorwa bacu, nka intera ya bateri n'umutekano nibishyira imbere kubakoresha. Moteri Yizewe Mubirango Byazwi, ihujwe na bateri yubatswe neza, ni intangiriro yo kwiringirwa igare ry'amashanyarazi. Dutanga kandi uburyo butandukanye, harimo icyitegererezo cyo hejuru nka Yonlande RZ700 Yihuta Amashanyarazi Ebike, bisaba ibice byiza byo kurinda umutekano kumuvuduko.
Imirongo yinteko yinteko irinjizamo ibikoresho byinshi byo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Buri igare, buri ipine, kandi ibice byose bigenzurwa mbere, mugihe, na nyuma yiteraniro. Twe Kugenda ijanisha rya Ebikes Kuva kuri buri ntego kwigana isi-isi kandi urebe ko ibintu byose biva muri feri kubikoresho bihinduranya bitagira inenge. Uku kwiyemeza ku bumenyi haremeza ko niba abafatanyabikorwa bacu batanga ibikoresho bya ipine y'ibinure Amagare ya Adventure cyangwa Abagenzi ba Advent, bakira igicuruzwa gifite umutekano, wizewe, kandi witeguye gutanga ubwitange Inararibonye. Twumva ko intsinzi yacu ihambiriwe kuburyo bwo gutsinda kwacu.
ABAFATANYIJE
Guhitamo hagati ya a ipine y'ibinure na a ipine isanzwe E-Bike Biterwa rwose no gukoresha no gukoresha imbere. Nta na rimwe "nziza", gusa uburyo bwiza ku ntego runaka.
- Amapine y'ibinure (4.0 "+): Hitamo ibi ntarengwa gukurura, gutuza, no guhumurizwa. Barenze Umuhanda n'ubuso butarekuye nk'umucanga na shelegi kandi bitanga kugenda kuri kaburimbo. Biratunganye kuri kudindiza rider uha agaciro ubushobozi bwa terrain hose.
- Amapine asanzwe (<2.5 "): Hitamo ibi umuvuduko no gukora neza, uburemere bwo hasi, hamwe nimpinduka. Nibyiza byo kugenda kumihanda ya kaburimbo, intera ndende, na gakondo Amagare yo kumusozi inzira aho kwihuta ni urufunguzo.
- Ibinyabiziga: Imbaraga za an e-igare moteri ifasha kugabanya ibibi gakondo bya a ipine y'ibinure, nk'ibirenze Kuzunguruka, kubakora cyane kuruta bagenzi babo badafite amashanyarazi.
- Umuvuduko w'ipine ni urufunguzo: Kuri ipine y'ibinure ba nyirubwite, kwiga guhinduka umuvuduko w'ipine Ukurikije ubutaka ni ngombwa kugirango dufungure igare.
- Kugabanywa: Guhitamo kumanuka kumasoko yawe. Gusobanukirwa nibyo abakiriya bawe bakeneye kuyobora ibyemezo byawe byo kubara. Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nuwabikoze wemeza kugenzura ubuziranenge, atanga ibyemezo, kandi bigatanga inkunga nyuma yo kugurisha kubice byose, harimo byihariye ipine Ubwoko.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jul-16-2025
