Moni Davide. Allen pano. Monga munthu amene amakhala ndi madera osunthika pansi, ndimalankhula ndi anzanga ngati inu amene akuyenda pamsika. Funso lomwe limakonda limabwera, kuchokera kwa ogulitsa komanso makasitomala omaliza, kodi ndi ofunika pepala lamtengo poyamba Ndege zonyamula katundu. Mumayang'ana a njinga zonyamula katundu, ndiye muyezo yoyanja njinga, ndipo kusiyana kwa mtengo kumakhala kodabwitsa. Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani?
Izi si milandu yosavuta ya chimango chachikulu. Zenizeni ndizachiya njinga zonyamula katundu ndi gawo lapadera kwambiri lainjiniya, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangidwa kuti lisinthe galimoto yazambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku. Munkhaniyi, ndikufuna kubwezeretsa nsalu yotchinga ndikukupatsani malingaliro opanga. Tidzaphwanya ndendende zomwe zimalowa mtengo, kuchokera ku zikwangwani ndi Zida zapadera kwa zovuta Kufufuza ndi Kukula ndi kuyezetsa mwamphamvu chitetezo. Kuzindikira zinthuzi sikungangokufotokozerani chifukwa njinga zonyamula katundu ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso sonyezaninso kufunika kofunikira komanso kuthekera komwe amapereka. Ichi ndiye chidziwitso chomwe muyenera kufotokozera nokha ndalamazo ku intaneti yanu.
Kodi njinga yonyamula katundu ndi yotani yomwe imasiyana ndi njinga yanthawi zonse?
Pachimake, a njinga zonyamula katundu alinso kuzungulira adapangidwa kuti azigwira zoposa wokwerapo wake. Pomwe nthawi zonse njinga ikhoza kukhala ndi chingwe chaching'ono cha thumba, Ndege zonyamula katundu zidapangidwa Kunyamula katundu wofunika, kaya ndi kugula kwa sabata, zinthu zamalonda za bizinesi yobwereketsa, kapena anu Ana atatu. Kusiyana kofunikira kumeneku pakukwaniritsa njira yosiyana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi ukadaulo poyerekeza ndi Njinga yachikhalidwe.
Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya Ndege zonyamula katundu Muwona msika wa njinga:
- Alettails: Awa amawoneka ngati wofanana kwambiri njinga koma khalani ndi chimango chakumbuyo (a gudumu lalitali) Ndi chingwe cholumikizidwa kuti azikhala ndi okwera, mipando ya ana, kapena akunja akulu.
- Oyendetsa kutsogolo (bakfiets / tanks): Izi ndi zazikulu Bokosi La Zonyamula kapena nsanja yomwe ili pakati pa magwiridwe ake ndi gudumu lakutsogolo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti katunduyo azikhala pansi panthaka yokhazikika, ndikupangitsa kukhala njira yabwino onyamula ana kapena zinthu zochuluka.
- Mankhwala (Trikes): Zodabwitsa zitatuzi zazitali, monga zathu Mini galimoto 1.5m yamagetsi 3Wheels yamagetsi, perekani bata lalikulu, makamaka ikayimitsidwa. Ndiwo chisankho chodziwika bwino Zochitika Mukamaugwira katundu wolemera.
Mwork ndi imeneyo ndi imeneyo njinga zonyamula katundu sikuti ndi ng'ombe zokha njinga. Ndi galimoto yogwiritsa ntchito cholinga. Chilichonse, kuchokera ku chimango kwa analankhula Mu gudumu, amasankhidwa ndi kupangidwa kuti azitha kuthana ndi zapadera Zofunikira zimayikidwa Pamalo mwake, ndi gawo loyamba kuti mumvetsetse mtengo wake.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji zidera mwapadera ndi chinthu chachikulu kwambiri mu chifukwa chake njinga zonyamula katundu ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri?
Mukafunsa, "Chifukwa chiyani Bikes mtengo kwambiri? " njinga zonyamula katundu. Simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito ma njinga wamba ndikuyembekezera kuti azikhala ndi nkhawa yonyamula makilogalamu owonjezera 100-200. Kuchokera m'malingaliro athu monga opanga, akupanga ndikuwonjezera magawo olemera awa ndi woyendetsa wamkulu wa mtengo wapamwamba.
Ganizirani za chimango. Sizinatali konse; Zamangidwa ndi Thicker-geji chubu ndi ma gossets kuti apewe kusinthasintha ndikutsimikiza kukhazikika. A ima Makina ndi dera linanso. Mabuleki okhazikika a RIM sakwanira. Odzaza kwathunthu njinga zonyamula katundu amafunika mphamvu yamphamvu, yodalirika yoleka, yomwe ndichifukwa chake mabule a Hydraul Disc ndi muyezo. Makina awa amapereka magwiridwe antchito kwambiri nyengo yonse koma PANGANI POYAMBA kwakukulu ndi mtengo wonse. Ndipo pali mawilo, omwe ayenera kukhala olimba, okhala ndi zingwe zambiri zolimba, zonena za kukula, komanso matayala apamwamba kwambiri kuti azitha kuthira kulemera ndikuyenda.
Nayi tebulo yosavuta kufotokozera kusiyana:
Chipangizo | Njinga yoyenera | Njinga yolemera | Chifukwa chiyani zimawononga ndalama zambiri |
---|---|---|---|
Zenera | Zitsulo zopepuka / chitsulo | Kulimbikitsidwa, ochulukitsa | Zowonjezera zakuthupi, polder yotsetsereka, kutsimikiza mtima. |
Mabuboli | Mabuleki / makina | 4-piston hydraulic discts | Mphamvu zapamwamba, kutentha kotentha, ndi kudalirika. |
Matayala | Ma Rims 32 owerengedwa | 36/48-yoyankhula makhoma awiri | Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ndi kukhazikika popewa kulephera. |
Samenya | Mbali yosavuta ikamatsuka | Pamodzi | Ayenera kuthandizira mazana ochepa maofesi onyamula katundu / kutsitsa. |
Matayala | Matayala oyenda / oyenda pamsewu | Kugonjetsedwa-Kugonjetsedwa, Kuchuluka Kwambiri | Amapangidwa kuti azitha kunyamula kulemera, kukonza chilimbikitso, ndikuchepetsa ma fleti. |
Iliyonse mwa izi zimawonjezera Mtengo womaliza. Sitingathe kunyengerera zinthu izi. Kuti muchite bizinesi ngati yanu, David, ndikupereka chinthu chomwe chiri chotetezeka komanso chokwanira pakukhutira kwa makasitomala ndikudziwika. Khalidwe limeneli limayamba ndi izi maziko, Zida zapadera.
Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imasinthira bwanji njinga yonyamula katundu kukhala makina amphamvu a E-Cargo?
Tsopano, tiyeni tiwonjezere magetsi ku equation. A Ndege yamagetsi, kapena e-Cargo Njinga, ndi masewera a masewera, komanso imawonjezera mtengo wake. A Kuthandizira Magetsi Dongosolo siliri laling'ono chabe injini womangidwa; Ndi njira yamphamvu, yophatikizidwa yopangidwira kuti ibweretse katundu wolemera kuti ali ndi nkhawa zambiri. Popanda izi, kusunthira katundu njinga zonyamula katundu, makamaka kukwera, kumafunikira mphamvu zapamwamba.
A injini Palokha ndi mtengo waukulu. Pomwe mitundu ina ya bajeti imagwiritsa ntchito mota Stors, Ndege zambiri zonyamula katundu Sankhani a Pakati pagalimoto. Pakati pagalimoto Makina, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwachindunji ku Crank, ndiwothandiza kwambiri, amapereka zachilengedwe Zochitika, ndipo ndibwino kumapiri atakhala kunyamula zolemetsa katundu. Ndiwovuta komanso okwera mtengo. Theka linalo la equation ndi batri. Cargo E-Bikes funa kuchuluka kwambiri mabatire kuti apereke malo othandiza. Batri yaying'ono yomwe imagwira ntchito yopepuka yoyanja Ebike ikanatha kufupidwa mu mphindi pa e-Cargo Njinga. Ife Gwiritsani ntchito mabatire Izi ndi zokulirapo, gwiritsani ntchito ma cell apamwamba kwambiri (kuchokera ku Brands ngati Samsung kapena LG), ndipo ali ndi mphamvu, nthawi zambiri cha nyengo zojambula.
Kuphatikiza apo, kwa msika waku US, chitsimikizo cha Ul cha batiri ndi magetsi osakambirana. Njira yotsimikizirayi ndiyokwera mtengo kwa ife monga opanga, koma ndi chitsimikizo chovuta chofuna chitetezo chamoto. Mukakumana ndi mabatire othamanga kwambiri a lirium-ion, iyi ndi ndalama mu chitetezo kuti palibe mtundu woyenera aliyense amene angadutse. Kuphatikiza kwamphamvu Pakati pagalimoto, batire lalikulu komanso lotsimikizika, ndipo wolamulira ndi kuwonetsa kuti amawonjezera madola chikwi chimodzi mpaka mtengo wake kuyerekeza ndi njinga zokhazikika ndiye osakhudzidwa.
Kodi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko amagwira ntchito yanji mu mtengo womaliza?
Wankulu njinga zonyamula katundu sizingochitika. Zotsatira zake Kufufuza ndi Kukula. Zovuta za ukadaulo ndizofunikira: mumapanga bwanji a kuzungulira Izi ndi zazitali komanso zolimba zokwanira kunyamula katundu, komabe osasunthika komanso otetezeka kukwera? Kodi mumasamala bwanji kulemera bwino chifukwa chake sikhala osatetezeka? Awa ndi mafunso omwe mainjini athu amathera miyezi ingapo, nthawi zina zaka, kuthetsa.
Njira ya R & D imaphatikizapo:
- Makina opangira makompyuta (CAD): Kupanga mitundu ya 3d ya 3d kuti muyesere geometry ndi kupsinjika pang'ono.
- Prototyping: Kumanga mitundu yoyeserera kuti muyesere dziko lenileni. Uwu ndi njira yomanga, kuyezetsa, kuyeretsa, ndi kumanganso. A katundu watsopano Njinga imatha kudutsa magawo ambiri a prototype.
- Kuphatikiza: Kuonetsetsa za chimango, injini, batiri, ndi zigawo zina zonse zimagwirira ntchito limodzi zopanda pake. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kwa Ndege yamagetsi.
- Kuyesa kukwera: Kugwiritsa ntchito okwera mayeso kuti muike njinga kudzera mumitundu yawo mumikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kuti ithe Zochitika.
Izi zopanda nzeru zimawononga ndalama. Malipiro a akatswiri aluso, mtengo wa zida za prototypes, ndipo kuyesa kwakukulu zonse kumapezeka mu Mtengo wa njinga yonyamula katundu. Ngakhale mtundu wawukulu ukhoza kufalitsa ndalama zoposa mazana mazana mazana a njinga, a njinga zonyamula katundu msika ndi wowonjezera msika wa niche. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wa R & D amapangidwira mayunitsi ochepa, omwe mwachilengedwe amapangitsa aliyense njinga ikhoza mtengo zambiri.
Kodi kutsimikizika kwachitetezo ndi kuyesa thandizo lalikulu pamtengo wokwera?
Mwamtheradi. Ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Monga wogulitsa, chiopsezo chanu chachikulu kwambiri ndichinthu chosatetezeka. Kwa ife monga wopanga, mbiri yathu imatengera izi. A njinga zonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ananyamula ana, choncho kubisala kwa ana ndi cholinga chathu chachikulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timayika ndalama zambiri pakuyesa ndi kutsimikizira, ndipo izi mtengo wapamwamba zimawonekera pamtengo womaliza.
Gawo loyambirira la Njinga Ku Europe ndi en 15194, ndipo ku US, zinthu ziyenera kutsatira malamulo a CPSC. Wa Ndege zonyamula katundu, makamaka izi okhala ndi magetsi Njira, kuyesa kumapitilirabe. Timayendetsa mayeso okhwima pachimake, foloko, ndi kukankha kuti atsimikizire kuti angathe kuthana ndi malire awo olemera. A ima Makina amayesedwa kuti apirire ndikuimitsa mtunda wotsika pansi. Njira yamagetsi, monga tafotokozera, zimayesedwa kuti zisayesere miyezo ngati Ul 2849 kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizotetezeka kuchokera ku zoopsa zamagetsi ndi moto.
Izi si masewera olimbitsa thupi chabe. Zimaphatikizapo kutumiza njinga kwa ma abs okhala ndi achitatu, kulipira ndalama zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zina kumafunikiranso ukadaulo womwe sukumananso ndi muyezo. Ngakhale izi zimawonjezera ndalamazo, ndi gawo lopanda tanthauzo lokhala lodalirika komanso lodalirika njinga zonyamula katundu. Mukawona zikwangwani zowerengera pa njinga zonyamula katundu, simukungowona chomata; Mukuwona chitsimikizo cha chitetezo chomwe chalipira ndipo chapeza.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani njira yopanga yopangira njinga yonyamula katundu ili yovuta kwambiri?
Msonkhano wa a njinga zonyamula katundu ndi manja ambiri, olimbikira kwambiri kuposa muyezo njinga. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mafelemu amatanthauza kuti sakwanira mumizere yamisonkhano yomweyo. Apa ndipomwe kusiyana kwachuma kwa sikelo kumawonekera.
Fakitale yathu imatulutsa magalimoto osiyanasiyana, ndipo nditha kukuwuzani kuti njinga zonyamula katundu Mzere umafunikira malo ochulukirapo ndi ophunzira aluso kwambiri. Mafelemu ndi akuluakulu ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zowonetsera kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu iliyonse yolumikizirana. Kukhazikitsa chiwongolero chowongolera kutsogolo kapena chosiyana pa masamba ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kuphatikizira foloko yosavuta. Kumangirira dongosolo lamagetsi, ndi masensa, magetsi, magetsi, ndiwonetsedwa, ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala ndi dzanja.
Chifukwa njinga zonyamula katundu Msika, ukukula, akadali wocheperako kuposa msika, akuti, njinga yaphiri, Kupanga njira saloledwa. Makina otsika ochepetsa amatanthauza kuti mtengo wokhazikika wokhazikitsa mzere wopanga umafalikira pamagawo ochepa. Izi zimatsogolera kukwezeka mtengo wokwera aliyense njinga zonyamula katundu zomwe zimachoka pamzere, wina wa kiyi zinthu zomwe zimathandizira pamtengo wokwera pamakina abwino.
Kodi kutumiza, misonkho, ndi zinthu ndi zinthu zimathandizira bwanji kuti wopatutsa asankhe?
David, iyi ndi gawo la mtengo womwe mumalidziwa bwino, koma muyenera kufotokozera nkhani yokulirapo. Ntchito yanga sinathe pamene njinga zonyamula katundu Imasiya fakitale. Kupeza zinthu zazikuluzikulu, zolemera zochokera ku China ku China kupita ku USA ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri.
- Mtengo Wosatha: A njinga zonyamula katundu ndi yayikulu komanso yolemetsa. Zimatengera malo ambiri mumtundu wotumizira. Kutumiza Chimodzi njinga zonyamula katundu zitha kuwononga kangapo potumiza muyezo njinga Izi zitha kunyamula kwambiri. Kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kwa mitengo yotumizira padziko lonse lapansi kwachulukitsa izi.
- Malangizo a Batri: Manyamulidwe kuchuluka kwambiri Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi mndandanda wa mgonero. Amasankhidwa kukhala katundu wowopsa (kalasi 9 yosiyanasiyana) ndipo amafunikira kukhazikitsa kwapadera, kulembera, ndi zolemba. Izi zimawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo uliwonse wotumizira aliyense.
- Mitsinje: Mtengo womaliza wa mankhwala aliwonse omwe akhudzidwa ndi ntchito ndi misonkho. Misonkho iyi, yomwe imatha kusintha kutengera mfundo zamalonda, zimalipira mtengo wa zinthuzo ndipo ndizowonjezera mwachindunji mtengo.
Mtengo wamapeto ndi malirewo ndi waukulu. Kasitomala akawona a njinga zonyamula katundu mu shopu ndi mmwamba pepala lamtengo, sakungoona mtengo wa zinthu ndi ntchito. Amawonanso ndalama zomwe zimapezeka kuti zikugulitsidwa bwino komanso movomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi ndingapeze njinga yotsika mtengo yamagetsi yomwe ili yodalirika?
Ili ndi funso la ma dollar. Kufuna kwa njinga yotsika mtengo, makamaka a Zovala zotsika mtengo Modeni, ndizomveka. Kuophya ndi chinthu chachikulu kwa mabanja ambiri ndi mabizinesi ambiri. Komabe, apa ndi pomwe wogula komanso wogawa, ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. "Zotsika mtengo" zimatha kukhala "zotsika mtengo komanso zowopsa."
Kuchokera pamalingaliro opanga, kumenya mtengo wotsika mtengo kwambiri kumafuna kudula ngodya. Izi zimachitika m'madera ovuta kwambiri:
- Vutoli Lalikulu: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell osatsimikizika, generic batri ndi njira imodzi yochepetsera mtengo. Izi zimawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo cha kulephera kapena moto.
- Magalimoto ndi mabuleki: Hub yaying'ono yamphamvu injini zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo motheka Pakati pagalimoto, ndipo mabuleki otsika kwambiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa hydraulic. Izi zimapangitsa lonse Zochitika Ndipo, koposa zonse, chitetezo.
- Chimango ndi zigawo: Mafuta owonda kapena otsika kwambiri akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa katundu wolemera.
M'malo mofufuza za "zotsika mtengo," ndikulangiza anzanga omwe ndimawafunafuna "mtengo." Pali bajeti-ochezeka ndi Zosankha zotsika mtengo pamsika womwe umapereka mtengo wabwino kwambiri komanso wabwino kwambiri. Njinga iyi, monga ife Yonnland X1 New 3 Wheels Election Ebike, sangakhale ndi mabelu onse ndi miyambo yonse ya chizindikiro chopindika Mmwamba kapena Youba, koma amangidwa ndi zigawo zotsimikizika ndi zovomerezeka komanso zoyendetsa zodalirika. Ndi Nthawi zonse kuli bwino Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zochulukirapo mu chinthu chokhala ndi chimango cholimba, mabuleki abwino, ndi batri yotsimikizika. Njira ina yomaliza ogula akuyang'ana a zogwiritsidwapo kale ntchito njinga, koma chifukwa cha bizinesi, chitsimikizo ndi chithandizo chomwe chimabwera Kugula Chatsopano Zogulitsa ndizofunikira.
Kodi mtengo wautali ndi uti? Kodi njinga yonyamula katundu ndiyofunika?
Ili ndiye chomaliza, komanso chofunikira kwambiri, chidutswa cha chithunzi. Kuyamba Kwambiri mtengo zitha kukhala zowopsa, koma mtundu njinga zonyamula katundu ndi ndalama zomwe zingamulipire nthawi zambiri. Zokambirana ziyenera kusuntha kuchokera "mtengo" kuti "mtengo."
Ganizirani ndalama zomwe zingasungidwe kuti musinthe galimoto yachiwiri:
- Palibe mtengo wamafuta: Magetsi kuti azilipiritsa a Ebike Charchraghter batri ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafuta.
- Palibe inshuwaransi kapena kulembetsa: M'malo ambiri, ndalama zobwerezabwereza zimachotsedwa.
- Kukonza kochepa: A njinga zonyamula katundu ndi yosavuta kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo kuti ikhale ndi galimoto.
- PALIBE MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA: Kupulumutsa kwakukulu m'matauni.
Mukawonjezera izi pazaka zochepa, njinga zonyamula katundu Nthawi zambiri amapita patsogolo. Koma mtengo wake umapitilira ndalama. Ndi chisangalalo chokwera ndi ana anu kutsogolo Bokosi La Zonyamula, maubwino azaumoyo chophatikiza masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse Mphamvu Yoyang'anira, ndi chilengedwe. Bizinesi, a Ndege yamagetsi amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoperekera ndikusintha mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, inde, kutuluka koyambirira ndikofunika, koma mtengo wautali amapanga a njinga zonyamula katundu Kufunika ndalama.
Kodi ndi zochitika zamtsogolo ziti zomwe zingakhudze ndalama zonyamula njinga?
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, kuphatikiza 2023 ndi kupitirira, titha kuyembekeza kuwona njira zingapo zomwe zingachitike udindo posankha a Zovala zonyamula katundu. Monga e-Cargo Msika umakhwima ndi kufunikira kumawonjezeka, makamaka popereka ma mile omaliza, tiyenera kuwona chuma chabwino cha kuchuluka Kupanga njira. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuchepa pang'onopang'ono mu mtengo wa mafelemu ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri kudzathandizanso kukhala ndi udindo. Monga kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumayenda bwino ndikupanga kumachezera padziko lonse lapansi, titha kuwona ndalama zomenyera Batri kutsika popanda kunyengerera pa chitetezo kapena mtundu. Mofananamo, ukadaulo wamagalimoto akupitiliza kukhala okwanira komanso oyengedwa.
Komabe, kufunikira kwa zinthu zambiri - ngati GPS yophatikizidwa bwino, kuyimitsidwa bwino kwabwino, komanso mapulogalamu owoneka bwino kwambiri - amatha kusintha zina mwazosunga izi. Monga njinga zonyamula katundu Wopanga matekitironi a Neverang Technologies kuti musinthe magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito mosamala ndalama. Cholinga ndikupitilizabe kupereka phindu labwino kwambiri, lokhazikika, komanso mayankho otetezeka omwe amakumana ndi zosowa zapadera Msika wanu, Davide. Tsogolo la njinga zonyamula katundu ndizowala modabwitsa.
Makina Ofunika Kukumbukira
- Zopangidwa ndi kapangidwe: A njinga zonyamula katundu ndi galimoto yopanga ndi cholinga, osati yayikulu njinga. Mtengo wake wokwera umachokera ku mafelemu olimba, mabuleki zabwino, ndipo zigawo zolemetsa zopangidwa kuti zitheke Nyamula katundu wolemera.
- Pulogalamu yamagetsi: A Ndege yamagetsi amawonjezera wamphamvu injini ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, batiri lotsimikizika-chinsinsi, lomwe ndi magawo awiri okwera mtengo kwambiri a kumanga.
- Mtengo Wobisika: Mtengo umaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri Kufufuza ndi Kukula, kuyesedwa mwamphamvu chitetezo komanso kutsimikizika, kovuta, kupanga kogwira ntchito kolimbika.
- Malangizo ndi chinthu: Kukula kwakukulu kwa a njinga zonyamula katundu Ndipo malangizo omwe ali pafupi ndi mabatire otumiza amawonjezera mtengo waukulu usanafikenso wogulitsa.
- Mtengo pamtengo: Njira yanzeru kwambiri ndiyo kuyang'ana mtengo wautali, osati mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Kulima njinga zonyamula katundu Ndi ndalama mu chitetezo, kudalirika, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe kumatha kupulumutsa madola masauzande ambiri poyerekeza ndi galimoto.
Post Nthawi: Jul-04-2025